Abstract
Hydrogen, as an energy source, is a clean and storable solution that could meet the worldwide energy demands in the future. The rapid progress of the fuel cell electric vehicles and related technology will require revising the standards that are too generic to enable a sustainable implementation in this emerging sector. The Reference Gas Laboratory of the National Measurement Institute of Spain (CEM), with academic support from University of Valladolid (UVa), through the 2015 Call for The European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research (EMPIR), participates in the project “15NRM03 - Hydrogen - Metrology for sustainable hydrogen energy applications” that is coordinated by the Laboratoire National de Metrologie et d’Essais (LNE). This project aims at evaluating the probability of hydrogen impurity affecting fuel cells and developing analytical techniques for traceable measurements of the hydrogen impurity. The project will contribute to the standardisation development works through presentations and informative or normative guides. The Reference Gas Laboratory of the National Measurement Institute of Spain (CEM) is developing optimised methods and gas standards for the hydrogen impurity analysis leading to the implementation of the ISO 14687-2 [1]. In this work, the results of the analysis of impurities of argon, nitrogen, oxygen and helium in first samples will be showed.
Highlights
The new European policy objectives in the transport and energy sectors defined in the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme from the European Parliament [2], encourage the decarbonisation of the transport sector by the wide use of hydrogen and strongly promote normative research in order to respond to the specific needs identified in the new European Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure 2014/94/EU [3]
The 2nd point of this referenced Annex II relates to the hydrogen purity dispensed by hydrogen refuelling points that is expected to comply with the technical specifications included in the ISO 14687-2 standard
The metrological needs are identified in ISO 14687-2 as “Since the Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) and related technology are developing rapidly, this part of ISO 14687 needs to be revised according to technological progress as necessary probably towards less constraining detection limits”
Summary
The new European policy objectives in the transport and energy sectors defined in the Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme from the European Parliament [2], encourage the decarbonisation of the transport sector by the wide use of hydrogen and strongly promote normative research in order to respond to the specific needs identified in the new European Directive on the deployment of alternative fuels infrastructure 2014/94/EU [3]. The metrological needs are identified in ISO 14687-2 as “Since the Fuel Cell Vehicle (FCV) and related technology are developing rapidly, this part of ISO 14687 needs to be revised according to technological progress as necessary probably towards less constraining detection limits” This ISO 14687-2 standard lists the maximum impurity concentrations for particulates and 13 gaseous compounds (Ammonia, Ar, CO, CO2, formaldehyde, formic acid, H2O, He, N2, O2, total halogenated compounds (HCl), total hydrocarbons compounds, total sulphur compounds) that should not be exceeded in hydrogen supplying a Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV). The current recommended methods are not suitable for all the 13 gaseous components mostly due to the very low detection limits which are too close to the specifications listed in the standard Monitoring these parameters at these low levels of concentrations is both time consuming and expensive as it requires several sampling and analytical techniques to be set up. If the measured values are lower than the value specified, the analytical methods with the lowest limit of detection will be applied to measure the impurity concentration in the hydrogen samples
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