Metods for creating salt – tolerant long – grin varieties in Karakalpakstan

Abstract

The article presents the results of breeding methods for creating salt-tolerant long – grain rice varieties. For this purpose, collection samples and the best varieties of rice from different ecological and geographical zones were studied according to agrobiological characteristics in comparison with the zoned ultra-early ripening long – grain varieties “Sanam”. After a comprehensive study and comprehensive assessment in the field conditions, ultra-early ripening long-grain forms with positive traits and properties were identified. These selected varieties were assessed far salt tolerance in laboratory conditions during the seed germination phase in an artificially created 1.5% solution (NaCl) of sodium chloride. A high concentration of sodium chloride has an adverse effect on germination rates and seedling size. At high concentrations of saline solution, these indicators sharply decrease in all studied varieties. However, such a decrease, depending on the genotypic characteristics of the variety samples, does not occur to the same extent. Under saline conditions, the characteristic differences between the characteristic of the seedling and the root system changes greatly. The growth and formation of roots was particularly inhibited compared aboveground part of the seedlings. Changes in the performance of the root system in a saline environment for the better can be considered adaptive properties to stressful salinity conditions. Based on the study of germination and seedling parameters, the most salt-tolerant varieties were identified, including Almaz; D-42 (D-11) 35-05-2); D-134 (D-34) (D-143); D-61 (K-316) Viktoriya). These varieties successfully overcome the adverse effects of high concentrations, of sodium chloride solution.