Metode Cepat Identifikasi Flavonoid dari Daun Ocimum sanctum L. (Selasih)

Abstract

Manfaat suatu tumbuhan sebagai obat herbal diperoleh dari kandungan kimianya, misalnya flavonoid. Flavonoid bermanfaat untuk kesehatan tubuh manusia. Oleh karena itu, kandungan flavonoid dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan manfaat suatu tanaman dan dibutuhkan metode identifikasi flavonoid yang cepat. Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh metode cepat kandungan flavonoid dalam Ocimum sanctum. Telah dilakukan penelitian ekstraksi, isolasi, dan identifikasi flavonoid daun Ocimum sanctum di laboratorium Kimia Medik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran pada tahun 2005. Flavonoid diekstraksi sinambung dengan etanol 95%, diisolasi dengan kromatografi kertas/lapis tipis selulose dan asam asetat 2%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pengembang: n-butanol–asam asetat–air, kloroform–asam asetat–air, forestall, asam asetat 5%, 15%, 35%, dan 50%. Flavonoid diidentifikasi dengan pereaksi geser dan sinar ultraviolet. Hasil isolasi dengan asam asetat 2% dan 35% berturut-turut memberikan dua bercak flavonoid, sebagai flavon, FOAc-1 mempunyai Rf=0,69 dan FOAc-2 mempunyai Rf=0,57. Pengembang lainnya memberikan satu bercak flavonoid. Simpulan, isolasi dengan asam asetat 2% dan 35% berturut-turut serta identifikasi dengan pereaksi geser dan sinar ultraviolet merupakan metode yang cepat untuk identifikasi kandungan flavonoid dalam Ocimum sanctum. [MKB. 2012;44(1):32–7]. Kata kunci : Flavonoid, identifikasi flavonoid, Ocimum sanctum Rapid Identification Method of Flavonoid from Ocimum sanctum L. (Selasih) Leaves A plant’s effectiveness as a herbal drug comes from its chemical content such as flavonoids. Flavonoids are useful for human body health. Therefore flavonoids content can be used as a marker from the usefulness of a plant, and rapid identification method of flavonoid is needed. The objective of the research was to get a rapid method of flavonoid content identification from Ocimum sanctum. The extraction, isolation and identification of flavonoids from Ocimum sanctum leaves has been done at Medical Chemistry laboratory Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran in 2005. Flavonoids were extracted continually by 95% ethanol, were isolated with paper chromatography/cellulose TLC and 2% acetic acid, then continued with elucidation reagents: n-butanol–acetic acid–water, chloroform–acetic acid–water, forestall, 5%, 15%, 35% and 50% acetic acids. Flavonoids were identified with diagnostic reagents and ultraviolet light. Isolation with 2% and 35% acetic acids respectively gave two spots of flavonoids as flavon, FOAc-1 had Rf=0.69 and FOAc-2 had Rf=0.57. The other elucidation reagents gave one spot of flavonoid. In conclusion, isolation with 2% and 35% acetic acids respectively and identification with diagnostic reagent and ultraviolet light is a rapid method for identification of flavonoids content in Ocimum sanctum. [MKB. 2012;44(1):32–7]. Key words : Flavonoid, identification of flavonoid, Ocimum sanctum DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v44n1.73