Methylprednisolone does not protect the lung from inhalation injury

Abstract

Most clinical studies suggest that corticosteroids are contraindicated in the treatment of acute smoke inhalation. However, they are still used in critical situations with the hope that they might reverse the acute pathophysiological responses to smoke inhalation and thus reduce the severity of the illness or make survival possible. These experiments were done to study the effect of methylprednisolone on the response to smoke inhalation in anaesthetized mongrel dogs. Three experimental protocols were followed: (I) haemodynamics, gas exchange, lung compliance, and lung water were evaluated; (II) pulmonary vascular permeability was assessed by cannulating the afferent tracheobronchial lymphatic and calculating the osmotic reflection coefficient (sigma d) at high lung lymph flows; (III) pulmonary surfactant function was studied using a Wilhelmy balance. Methylprednisolone alone did not alter any measured values compared with those seen in control animals. Treatment with methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg) prior to smoke exposure did not attenuate any of the adverse responses typically seen after smoke inhalation. These data indicate that methylprednisolone does not protect the lung from the acute physiological consequences of inhalation injury.