Methylene Blue Degradation by Sphingomonas paucimobilis under Aerobic Conditions

Abstract

The presence of synthetic dyes in industrial wastewaters may create serious environmental problems due to their mutagenicity and toxicity to aquatic life and humans. In this study, the decolourization and degradation of methylene blue (MB) by a Sphingomonas paucimobilis strain isolated from industrial wastewater was investigated under aerobic conditions. Decolourization extent of MB in medium was over 85 % when the bacterium was grown on a high concentration of the dye (1,000 mg/L) after a retention time of 5 days, while reduction in COD was 92.99 % suggesting mineralization of dyes as a result of microbial activities. The bacterium retained decolourizing activity over a wide range of pH (2–10), with peak activity obtained at pH 9. Analysis of samples extracted from decolourized culture flasks at pH 9 using UV–visible and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that the mechanism of colour removal was due to biodegradation rather than adsorption of dye on cells. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed the secretion of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by S. paucimobilis cells on exposure to MB—a probable physiological defence mechanism to ensure controlled diffusion of dye molecules into cellular structures. Biokinetic coefficients, namely, growth yield, Y; specific biomass decay, Kd; maximum specific substrate rate, k; saturation constant for substrate, Ks; and maximum specific biomass growth rate, μmax, were determined by the Monod type kinetic equation. Results indicate that S. paucimobilis holds a promise as a good candidate for the biological treatment of industrial effluent containing high concentrations of synthetic dyes.