Methylammonium lead chloride: A sensitive sample for an accurate NMR thermometer

Abstract

A new solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) thermometry sample is proposed. The 207Pb NMR chemical shift of a lead halide perovskite, methylammonium lead chloride (MAPbCl3) is very sensitive to temperature, 0.905±0.010ppmK−1. The response to temperature is linear over a wide temperature range, from its tetragonal to cubic phase transition at 178K to >410K, making it an ideal standard for temperature calibrations in this range. Because the 207Pb NMR lineshape for MAPbCl3 appears symmetric, the sample is ideal for calibration of variable temperature NMR data acquired for spinning or non-spinning samples. A frequency-ratio method is proposed for referencing 207Pb chemical shifts, based on the 1H and 13C frequencies of the methylammonium cation, which are used asan internal standard. Finally, this new NMR thermometer has been used to measure the degree of frictional heating asa function of spinning frequency for a series of MAS rotors ranging in outer diameter from 1.3 to 7.0mm. As expected, the largest diameter rotors are more susceptible to frictional heating, but lower diameter rotors are subjected to higher frictional heating temperatures as they are typically spun at much higher spinning frequencies.