Abstract
Methyl salicylate based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method of benzimidazole fungicides (i.e., carbendazim, thiabendazole and fluberidazole) in water samples and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography has been firstly developed. The target fungicides in aqueous sample were extracted under the selected conditions of 250 µL of methyl salicylate without disperser solvent and 1.0% (m/v) sodium acetate without pH adjustment. The preconcentration factor and extraction recovery were obtained in the range of 24-38 and 54-85%, respectively. Limits of detection ranged from 0.03 to 0.05 µg L–1, while limits of quantification were in the range of 0.20-0.50 µg L–1. Recoveries at three spiked concentration levels of 5, 10, and 50 µg L–1 were obtained in the range of 74.1-118.4%, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) below 11%. The developed method was simple, rapid, low cost, and reliable for trace determination of the studied fungicides.
Highlights
Nowadays, liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been reviewed as an alternative powerful strategy to conventional sample preparation such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE).[1]
preconcentration factor (PF) and extraction recovery (ER) were evaluated by several determinations of certain concentration of target fungicide mixture (250 μg L–1) in aqueous solutions and calculated using the following equations: (1)
Vsed and V0 are the volume of the sediment phase (Vsed ca. 300 μL, on average) and initial aqueous sample solution (10 mL), respectively
Summary
Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been reviewed as an alternative powerful strategy to conventional sample preparation such as solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid-liquid extraction (LLE).[1] The advantages of microextraction techniques over the conventional methods are simple, rapid, inexpensive, and low consumption of organic solvents. DLLME provides many good characteristics, high toxic halogenated organic solvents (e.g., chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and chlorobenzene) are normally required. To avoid these toxic extractant solvents, two possible ways can be instead employed using: lower toxic solvents such as dodecanol and hexane[2] or based
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