Abstract
Sustainable waste management enhances national development and benefits society and the environment. Pyrolysis has the potential to contribute to this growth by converting waste into energy and other useful by-products. This study aimed to eliminate methyl orange (MO) dye from dye-contaminated water using industrial by-products to synthesize iron-oxide-incorporated biochar (Fe2O3/Fe3O4/BC). Biomass, biochar (BC), and Fe2O3/Fe3O4/BC were characterized by proximate, ultimate, elemental, XRD, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analyses. Minitab 19 statistical analysis was used to optimize biochar output and MO dye removal. The heating rate and residence period of 5.9 °C/min and 186.7 min, respectively, were the optimal conditions for producing biochar with a maximum fixed carbon concentration of 55.48. At pH 3, 4 g/l biochar with 3 % iron oxide, and 317 K, MO dye removal was 100 %. MO dye was eliminated by bond breaking of the azo group and adsorption onto the active sites of biochar containing iron oxide.
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