Abstract
Specific knowledge on dormancy and germination patterns of weed species aids the development of integrated management strategies. This study aimed to evaluate and select effective methods for overcoming dormancy in B. latifolia seeds, as well as determining their influence on the germination process. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with four replications and 20 seeds per repetition. Seven tests were conducted, with the corresponding B. latifolia seed treatments: Test 1- mechanical scarification (EM), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), hot water (IAQ) and running water (LAC); Test 2- pre-cooling at 4 °C (PE) and dry heat (CS) at 60 °C. Test 3- gibberellic acid (AG) at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 ppm; Test 4- acetic acid (AC) and KNO3 2%; Test 5- dual combinations of the three best treatments observed in the first four tests. Test 6- pre-soaking in a sandbox (EST) and in germination paper (PE) and; Test 7- imbibition curve. The seeds were submitted to the germination test in BOD at 25 °C with a photoperiod of 12h, in transparent polypropylene boxes. Germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT) and relative frequency of germination (RFG) were determined and the weight of the seeds after soaking in Test 7 was measured. The best treatments for overcoming seed dormancy were CS, AG 283 ppm and KNO3 3h. The association of CS+KNO3 and KNO3+AG increased GP by 25% compared to isolated treatments.
Highlights
There has been a significant increase in the infestation of Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K
It is common for weed diaspores to be endowed with dormancy mechanisms, even under all favorable environmental conditions.There is a strong relationship between seed dormancy and the ability of a plant to succeed as a weed (ALI; TANVEER; NADEEM, 2012)
It can be observed from the values obtained in test 1 of the germination tests (Figure 1A) that the treatments performed to overcome B. latifolia seed dormancy, both in the control and after scarification with sandpaper for 5 minutes and washing under running water for 10 minutes, showed values significantly equal to or higher than those obtained from the other treatments (p
Summary
There has been a significant increase in the infestation of Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Discontinuity in the germination process of a species allows survival in a seed bank over time, this has a negative impact on seed management (FINCHSAVAGE; LEUBNER-METZGER, 2006) Practices such as soil tillage may promote dormancy in some species, while it may provoke an interruption to dormancy in others (MONQUERO; SILVA, 2005). Knowledge of the factors affecting weed germination will enable the definition of more effective management strategies and may promote greater efficiency in weed control, avoiding the undesirable practice of herbicide application during pre- or post-emergence. This type of scientific investigation is highly valuable in seed technology when seeking standardization of methods with a high degree of uniformity in the germination process (PAZUCH et al, 2015)
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