Abstract
A considerable change has been evolved over the past two decades in the field of sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) research to improve its chief traits like sweetness, fiber content, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses through tissue culture and genetic engineering. With the increase in the global demand for sugar and bioethanol there exists a need for sustainable production necessitating research on crop improvement to resist abiotic and biotic stresses. These genetic improvisations for superior traits are of ultimate success only when suitable vector cassettes, gene transfer methods, and regeneration of whole plants are in place. This review discusses the recent advancements in sugarcane transformation methods with particular emphasis on biolistics and Agrobacterium-mediated methods in the recalcitrant monocot system, Saccharum spp. Moreover, recent advances like gene targeting by site-specific double-stranded nucleotide breaks for zinc-finger nucleases (ZFN), TAL effector nucleases (TALENs), and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats)/Cas 9 (CRISPR-associated) systems require a well-established transformation method which signifies the need for an efficient genetic transformation system in sugarcane.
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