Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter presents the theory of classification of yeasts. The classification of yeasts depends on four factorsl: form of asexual reproduction, formation of spores, assimilation of nitrate, and fermentation of sugars. Each species of yeasts is defined by physiological properties and by the morphology of cells, including pseudomycelium and spores, if formed. The chapter describes various methods of numerical taxonomy for various genera of yeasts. Two possible quantities for evaluation of relationships between species are the similarity coefficient and matching coefficient. The chapter also provides a comparison between numerical and classical taxonomy. Taxonomy of yeasts was originally based mainly on the morphological properties of the vegetative cells and spores, with only a restricted range of biochemical tests to distinguish fermentative from nonfermentative or poorly fermentative genera. Various applications of computer techniques to the identification of yeasts are further described. The simplest is a punched-card system to match unknown strains with known species. A system was described for identification of gram-negative bacteria by matching with known properties of each species. The analysis was based on the routine diagnostic tests that were easy to read and gave consistent results.
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