Abstract
Bangladesh has become an ageing society and is going to increase her older persons. Health condition, quality of life (QOL) and physical functioning are worsen as people age. Due to increasing life expectancies, enhancement of medical and health facilities, modernization, Bangladesh, recently, experiencing the rapid change in demographic transition, as well as the most common challenge, population ageing. This paper presents an organizing framework that assists researchers in the design and validation of formative and reflective measurement models for assessing QOL of older persons. The framework draws from the extant literature, includes both theoretical and empirical considerations, and is illustrated through empirical example for measuring QOL of older persons using data from a project entitled “Quality of Life and Active Ageing of Older persons at Rajshahi City in Bangladesh” conducted at the Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi. This example concern constructs that is fundamental to theory-building in this discipline, and most of the scholars used formative model. In contrast, application of the framework to this example suggests that a reflective measurement model may be more appropriate. These results reinforce the need to justify, both theoretically and empirically, the choice of measurement model for measuring subjective QOL.
Highlights
Bangladesh is experiencing the growing number of older persons and the country is passing through the third stage of demographic transition [1,2,3]
From the above discussion it is observed that for measuring Quality of Life (QOL) reflective method is better than the formative method
Discussion on constructs of QOL based on the above consideration (Consideration 2): From the formative and reflective methods it is observed that the direction causality is from indicator to construct and construct to construct in a formative method
Summary
Bangladesh is experiencing the growing number of older persons and the country is passing through the third stage of demographic transition [1,2,3]. The global population aged 60 years or over numbered about 962 million in 2017 more than twice as large as in 1980 when there were 382 million older persons worldwide and it is expected to double in 2050, projected to nearly 2.1 billion, World Population Ageing, 2017. It is estimated that, the older persons will be more and outnumbered children under age 10 and in 2050 it will outreach over the number of adolescents and youth at ages 10 to 24. World population ageing 2017: Highlights projected that, 2/3 of world’s population live in the developing countries but it growing faster than the developed regions. UN projected that a number of countries will have higher percentage of aged within 2020, e.g., Japan; 31.1% Singapore; 23.7%, Australia; 21.1%, New-Zealand; 20.2% and Republic of Korea; 18.6% [4]
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