Abstract
This article examines the available methods for adding ammonia during drinking water treatment. Discussion focuses on a study conducted at the Alameda County Water District in California which investigated various methods for reducing total trihalomethanes (TTHM) at the district's Mission San Jose Water Treatment Plant. The study concluded that the most cost‐effective method for that particular treatment facility to reduce TTHM levels would be to add ammonia to reduce chloramine formation. Furthermore, the study concluded that aqua ammonia was the most cost‐effective ammonia source compared to ammonium sulfate, anhydrous ammonia with solution feed, and anhydrous ammonia with direct feed. A test system is currently being operated at the Mission San Jose plant to test the use of chloramines with aqua ammonia addition for controlling TTHM. Consideration is also given to the safety of handling aqua ammonia.
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