Abstract
Naturally occurring plasma waves characterized by fine frequency structure or discrete spectrum, detected by satellite, rocket‐borne instruments, or ground‐based receivers, can be interpreted as eigenmodes excited and trapped in field‐aligned density structures. This paper overviews various theoretical methods to study such phenomena for a one‐dimensional (1‐D) density structure. Among the various methods are parabolic approximation, eikonal matching, eigenfunction matching, and full numerical solution based upon shooting method. Various approaches are compared against the full numerical solution. Among the analytic methods it is found that the eigenfunction matching technique best approximates the actual numerical solution. The analysis is further extended to 2‐D geometry. A detailed comparative analysis between the eigenfunction matching and fully numerical methods is carried out for the 2‐D case. Although in general the two methods compare favorably, significant differences are also found such that for application to actual observations it is prudent to employ the fully numerical method. Application of the methods developed in the present paper to actual geophysical problems will be given in a companion paper.
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