Abstract
AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides a safe, noninvasive method for measuring neural function and relating it to behavior and cognitive processes. The fMRI procedure is being increasingly employed to answer questions about how and where information is processed in the brain to guide behavior. This general overview of fMRI centers on practical concerns for researchers wishing to use fMRI to answer their own questions about the relationship between brain and behavior.In this chapter we review the basic principles of fMRI‐based cognitive neuroscience, focusing on (a) the history and development of fMRI for observing neural function, (b) the nature of the fMRI signal and its relation to neural activation and cognitive processes, (c) the types of questions that can be addressed using fMRI, (d) concerns for experimental design and statistical analysis, and (e) advanced approaches for fMRI‐based meta‐analysis. The strengths and limitations of fMRI are discussed relative to how this method can best be used to elucidate the complex relationship between cognition and neural processes.
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