Abstract
Herpesviruses are a group of double-strand DNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. In the past decades, numerous methods have been developed to manipulate herpesviruses genomes, from the introduction of random mutations to specific genome editing. The development of genome manipulation methods has largely advanced the study of viral genes function, contributing not only to the understanding of herpesvirus biology and pathogenesis, but also the generation of novel vaccines and therapies to control and treat diseases. In this review, we summarize the major methods of herpesvirus genome manipulation with emphasis in their application to Marek’s disease virus research.
Highlights
Herpesviridae is a large family of double-strand DNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals
Deletion of pp38 for virus growth in vitro,intumor formation horizontal transmission in chickens and virus horizontal transmisvIL8 is important for MDV early sion in lymphoid organs, cytolytic infection but dispensable for establishment of latency and virus horizontal transmission
The introduction of overlapping cosmid clones and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC) technology accelerated the precise analysis of MDV gene function, promoted the study of molecular mechanisms of MDV
Summary
Herpesviridae is a large family of double-strand DNA viruses that infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and animals. There are two additional closely related but distinct virus species to MDV, including MDV-2 or GaHV-3 and turkey herpesvirus (HVT, known as Meleagrid alphaherpesvirus 1, MeHV-1); only MDV infection causes lymphoproliferative disease in chickens [4,5]. Ts mutant candidates were titrated at both permissive and nonpermissive temperatures, and the mutants exhibiting reduced growth capacity at the nonpermissive temperature were plaque-purified and served as ts mutants Using this method, Schaffer et al isolated 22 ts mutants of HSV-1 and classified them into 15 complementation groups [23]. Cytolysis-resistant and drug-resistant mutants were introduced to study the function of herpesvirus genes [25] These technologies contributed to the generation and characterization of mutants from other herpesviruses, such as pseudorabies virus (PRV) [26], VZV [27], and cytomegalovirus [28,29].
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