Abstract

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) entails a dysregulation of renal and cardiac function, with fluid volume excess or ‘congestion’ being a key component. We provide an overview of methods for its assessment in clinical practice. Evaluation of congestion can be achieved using different methods including plasma biomarkers, measurement of blood volume from the volume of distribution of [131I]-human serum albumin, sonographic modalities, implantable devices, invasive measurements of volume status including right heart catheterization, and impedance methods. Integration into clinical practice of accessible, cost effective, and evidence-based modalities for volume assessment will be pivotal in the management of ADHF.

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