Methods for obtaining humate-containing fertilizers from brown coal

Abstract

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study is to examine the main methods of obtaining fertilizers and optimizing processes. Using methods of analysis, comparison, and experimentation, three main approaches to obtaining fertilizers were identified: grinding and mixing with potassium hydroxide (KOH), ultrafine grinding with chemical additives, and a complex method for processing caustobioliths. Comparative analysis of the investigated methods allowed for identifying their advantages, disadvantages, and effectiveness. The key result was the ability to determine the most effective method for producing humate-containing fertilizers from brown coal, depending on specific production conditions and requirements. The results of the study showed that the ultrafine grinding process with chemical additions, such as urea and alkali metal hydroxides, showed promising potential for creating highly effective humate-containing fertilizers from brown coal, in addition to the comparative analysis. After thorough optimization, this technique showed improved fertilizer utilization and superior plant uptake, making it a strong contender for sustainable farming methods. Nevertheless, achieving optimal results requires detailed process parameter optimization. The study underscores the importance of using brown coal in humate-containing fertilizer production as an environmentally safe and sustainable approach. The results can contribute to further development and improvement of humate-containing fertilizer production methods, promoting sustainable agriculture and increased crop productivity.