Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are widely used in microelectronic devices due to their excellent optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. The performance and reliability of microelectronic devices based 2D materials are affected by heat dissipation performance, which can be evaluated by studying the thermal conductivity of 2D materials. Currently, many theoretical and experimental methods have been developed to characterize the thermal conductivity of 2D materials. In this paper, firstly, typical theoretical methods, such as molecular dynamics, phonon Boltzmann transport equation, and atomic Green’s function method, are introduced and compared. Then, experimental methods, such as suspended micro-bridge, 3ω, time-domain thermal reflectance and Raman methods, are systematically and critically reviewed. In addition, the physical factors affecting the thermal conductivity of 2D materials are discussed. At last, future prospects for both theoretical and experimental thermal conductivity characterization of 2D materials is given. This paper provides an in-depth understanding of the existing thermal conductivity measurement methods of 2D materials, which has guiding significance for the application of 2D materials in micro/nanodevices.
Highlights
The thermal conductivity of 2D materials is of great significance for both basic research [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] and practical application [11,12,13]
Two common methods were used to calculate the thermal conductivity of 2D materials: the equilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) (EMD) method based on the Green–Kubo formalism and the nonequilibrium MD (NEMD) method based on Fourier’s law
As the main heat carrier in 2D materials, the propagation of phonons can be adjusted by many other factors, such as lattice deformation caused by strain, substrate coupling, isotope-engineering, which leads to the change of thermal conductivity
Summary
The thermal conductivity of 2D materials is of great significance for both basic research [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10] and practical application [11,12,13]. Due to the ignorance of surface defects, the accuracy of these methods is limited Experimental methods, such as the suspended micro-bridge method [27,28,29,30,31,32], 3ω method [33,34,35,36], timedomain thermoreflectance method [37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46], and Raman method [47,48,49,50,51,52,53], have been developed to study the thermal conductivity of 2D materials. Bao et al [54] introduced heat transfer research methods in micro-nano structures from the perspective of theoretical calculation. The factors affecting the thermal conductivity of 2D materials are discussed
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