Abstract
Water has a significant influence on fundamental biophysical processes in the soil. It is one of the limiting factors for plant growth, which is why monitoring the water content in the field is particularly important in agriculture. In this article we present the methods currently used to measure the soil water content. We have described their functional principles, advantages, disadvantages and possible applications. Due to their widespread use in agriculture, we have focused on dielectric sensors, which are classified as electromagnetic methods. We have investigated the influence of soil properties on measurements with dielectric sensors and described possible methods for soil-specific calibration. In agriculture and environmental sciences, measurements of soil water content are particularly important for irrigation management. Irrigation based on measurements enables us to optimize the use of water resources and reduce the negative impact on the environment. For the correct functioning of such sensors it is necessary to check the suitability of the factory calibration function. Special attention is required when installing the sensors, as the presence of air gaps causes errors in the measurements.
Highlights
Glavna prednost posrednih meritev vsebnosti vode v tleh je v tem, da niso destruktivne, mnoge izmed njih omogočajo avtomatično beleženje in shranjevanje izmerjenih podatkov (Muñoz-Carpena, 2004; Hignett & Evett, 2008)
Uporaba se opušča zaradi varnostnih razlogov, prisotnosti nizko radioaktivnega sevanja in s tem povezane kompleksne administracije, ki jo je potrebno zagotoviti za upravljanje merilnega instrumenta (Evett, 2000; Muñoz-Carpena, 2004)
Pomanjkljivost analize je v tem, da smo količino literature morali omejiti in preglednega prispevka nismo izvedli na podlagi vse obstoječe literature
Summary
95 znanstvenih prispevkov, pridobljenih iz podatkovnih zbirk Web of Science in Google Scholar. Najprej bomo predstavili različne metode meritev vsebnosti vode v tleh. 2.3 POSREDNE METODE MERITEV VSEBNOSTI VODE V TLEH S posrednimi metodami ne merimo dejanske vsebnosti vode v tleh, temveč neko drugo talno spremenljivko, ki se spreminja v odvisnosti od vsebnosti vode. Zato je potrebno med merjeno talno spremenljivko in vsebnostjo vode v tleh vzpostaviti razmerje, ki je opisano s kalibracijsko enačbo. Glavna prednost posrednih meritev vsebnosti vode v tleh je v tem, da niso destruktivne, mnoge izmed njih omogočajo avtomatično beleženje in shranjevanje izmerjenih podatkov (Muñoz-Carpena, 2004; Hignett & Evett, 2008). Voda je glavni vir vodika v večini tal, zato je zaznana gostota nevtronov proporcionalna volumnu vsebnosti vode v tleh. Uporaba se opušča zaradi varnostnih razlogov, prisotnosti nizko radioaktivnega sevanja in s tem povezane kompleksne administracije, ki jo je potrebno zagotoviti za upravljanje merilnega instrumenta (Evett, 2000; Muñoz-Carpena, 2004). V preteklosti so metodo pogosto uporabljali kot referenčno pri kalibraciji takrat novih metod, ki temeljijo na meritvah dielektričnosti (Sheets & Hendrickx, 1995; Gaskin & Miller, 1996; Hanson & Peters, 2000)
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