Abstract
This article is devoted to the development of fundamentally new methods for the experimental determination of the physical properties of substances - methods of their joint determination, when not a single property is measured, but two physical properties connected with each other. For example, this is the coefficient of surface tension σ of the liquid and the contact angle θ of wetting the surface by it, which here act as parameters of capillary forces at the interface. The purpose of such methods is not so much a banal arithmetic increase in the obtained experimental data, as a significant increase in their determination accuracy by reducing the statistical error (variance). In such cases, we have the so-called methods of indirect (indirect) measurement, which in this case are based not on the measurement of σ and θ directly, but on the measurement of the height h and weight ∆W of the meniscus hanging on a vertical surface, and on the subsequent solution of the resulting system of two equations that are analytical expressions for h and ∆W (i.e., a system of two equations with two unknowns: σ and θ). In the case of using a Wilhelmy plate in the experiment, the solution of such a system of equations leads to explicit analytical expressions for both unknowns (σ and θ), and in the case of using a cylindrical filament in the experiment, analytical expressions for the unknowns are obtained in an implicit form: in this case, to determine the value of the boundary of the angle θ, a recursive formula is proposed.
Highlights
Knowledge of the physical properties of substances is very important for science and technology, without this information new technologies cannot be developed
Because it is known from the theory of experiment planning [3] that the statistical error of its results in this case is much lower than in the methods of direct measurements. This is especially important if the methods of individual measurements used in the joint determination method have high accuracy. It is to the complex methods of determination that the methods of joint determination of physical properties: the surface tension coefficient and the contact angle (σ and θ), which are presented in this work, belong
On 3.08.2004, the author registered an application for an invention “A method for joint determination of the parameters of capillary forces at the interface” [10], which makes it possible to determine at once two parameters of capillary forces (σ and θ) in a single experiment using a “Wilhelmy plate”
Summary
Knowledge of the physical properties of substances (both in liquid and solid phases) is very important for science and technology, without this information new technologies cannot be developed. When it comes to the development of methods for the complex determination of physical properties, as a result of the implementation of which not one, but several properties are determined at once [1, 2] Because it is known from the theory of experiment planning [3] that the statistical error of its results (variance) in this case is much lower than in the methods of direct measurements. This is especially important if the methods of individual measurements used in the joint determination method have high accuracy. It is to the complex methods of determination that the methods of joint determination (more precisely, the methods of the so-called "indirect measurement") of physical properties: the surface tension coefficient and the contact angle (σ and θ), which are presented in this work, belong
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