Abstract
Two small scale treatment systems were investigated to evaluate their effect on indigenous viruses in wastewater. In the effluent from an emscher tank system, treating a mixture of outlet from toilet, bath and kitchen, virus was demonstrated rather constantly. Samples were taken from a pasteurization plant where outlet from toilets was treated by addition of formaldehyde and exposure to 76°C for 30 min. A few samples from influent were positive, but no virus was found in the effluent. A comparison was made of four methods to detect viruses in wastewater. Alum precipitation followed by tris elution, acidic precipitation followed by elution with beef extract and two-phase concentration all made it possible to isolate indigenous viruses from wastewater and gave comparable results. No virus was demonstrated by direct inoculation. This corresponds well with the findings that the contents of virus was so low as to require concentration to be demonstrable.
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