Abstract
This study aimed to review the laboratory methods on biomimetic remineralization of demineralized human dentine. A systematic search of the publications in the PubMed, TRIP, and Web of Science databases was performed. Titles and abstracts of initially identified publications were screened. Clinical trials, reviews, non-English articles, resin-dentine interface studies, hybrid layer studies, hybrid scaffolds studies, and irrelevant studies were excluded. The remaining papers were retrieved with full texts. Manual screening was conducted on the bibliographies of remaining papers to identify relevant articles. A total of 716 studies were found, and 690 were excluded after initial screening. Two articles were identified from the bibliographies of the remaining papers. After retrieving the full text, 23 were included in this systematic review. Sixteen studies used analogues to mimic the functions of non-collagenous proteins in biomineralization of dentine, and four studies used bioactive materials to induce apatite formation on demineralized dentine surface. One study used zinc as a bioactive element, one study used polydopamine, and another study constructed an agarose hydrogel system for biomimetic mineralization of dentine. Many studies reported success in biomimetic mineralization of dentine, including the use of non-collagenous protein analogues, bioactive materials, or elements and agarose hydrogel system.
Highlights
Dentine is a collagenous mineralized tissue, which contains 70% carbonated apatite, 20% organic matrix, and 10% water [1]
The different biomimetic mineralization methods used in the included articles are summarized in
non-collagenous proteins (NCPs) with a high affinity for calcium ions and collagen fibrils are responsible for regulating the nucleation and growth of minerals, such as dentine matrix protein (DMP1) and dentine phosphophoryn (DPP, DMP2) with highly phosphorylated serine and threonine residues [36]
Summary
Dentine is a collagenous mineralized tissue, which contains 70% carbonated apatite, 20% organic matrix, and 10% water (by weight) [1]. Initial carious lesions affect the mineral phase of dentine and expose the collagen fibers, creating the conditions for a fast destruction of the entire dentine network, resulting in the degradation of collagen fibrils and a decrease in the mechanical properties of dentine [5]. Nowadays, dental fillings, such as amalgam or resin composite, have been used to repair dental caries. Tooth fillings need to be replaced due to being worn, cracked, or fractured It is a major challenge for operative and preventive dentistry to induce the remineralization of hypomineralized carious dentine. The remineralization of demineralized dentine is the process of restoring minerals through the formation of inorganic mineral-like materials
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