Abstract
The main factors affecting on the efficiency of the boiler are investigated. The influence of the excess air coefficient on the composition of the products of fuel combustion and heat loss with flue gases is analyzed. The necessity of forming a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture to ensure an energy-efficient mode of fuel combustion is shown. The analysis of modern types of burner devices with various types of fuel combustion schemes is carried out. A burner of the PBGM type was selected as a device for conducting experimental studies, which is suitable for use on low and medium power boiler units. The methods for monitoring the composition of the exhaust gases are analyzed. Modern systems for monitoring and controlling the process of fuel combustion in boiler units are considered. Among the main disadvantages of such systems: the availability of sampling and sample preparation systems; lack of frequency regulation of fans and smoke exhausters; long time system installation; a relatively significant payback period; appointments exclusively for large power boilers. The current state of the fleet of boiler units for communal and industrial heat power was studied. It is shown that the majority of small and medium-sized boilers do not meet the specified thermal characteristics, in particular, the efficiency of most boilers does not exceed 70%.
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