METHODOLOGY OF TRAINING MASTERS: EXPERIENCE OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES

Abstract

The training of masters in the 21st century is in demand due to the progressive development of society and the national economy of a particular country. On the other hand, the rapid adaptive development of society, caused by the pandemic and military conflicts in Ukraine, requires a review of the preparation of applicants for the second (master's) level of higher education, the flexibility of educational programs, the high level of professionalism of teachers and the understanding by students of their own needs and demands for education. Appeal to foreign experience in the preparation of masters contributes to the above challenges. The purpose of the article is to generalize the methodology for preparing masters of various specialties in the advanced countries of the world. To achieve the goal of the study, the following scientific and pedagogical methods were used: system-analytical (study, analysis and systematization of the obtained data, ideas and facts), contextual (representation of the components of the methodology for preparing masters in the leading countries of the world), comparative (detection and comparison of the main characteristics of the methodology preparation of masters, taking into account the specifics of Ukraine and global trends). The article notes that the personality of the teacher is important in working with masters in higher education institutions of foreign countries. The teaching process at the university covers three areas of activity: scientific, professional and complex, which leads to the use by teachers of optimally effective methods (case methods, clusters, performance tests, keeping educational diaries, organizing group projects, etc.) and forms (co-creation and interviews) learning. The development of educational programs for the preparation of masters ensures the preparation of masters in individual academic disciplines, the introduction of intensive courses, probation or internships, integrative interdisciplinary courses, and compulsory academic mobility. Valuable when entering a master's program is the applicant's own practical experience, the skills of generating and putting into practice advanced ideas, and carrying out research work. The methodology for preparing masters consists of systemic, competence-based, personality-oriented, practice-oriented methodological approaches. The methods of analyzing experience and innovations in the preparation of masters, the stratification of the accumulated factual material are given a special place, which makes the educational systems of the studied countries unique and inimitable, transparent and relevant, open to cooperation and competition in the market of educational services in the international market.