Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems are often used to collect high-resolution imagery. Data obtained from UAVs are now widely used for both military and civilian purposes. This article discusses the issues related to the use of UAVs for the imaging of restricted areas. Two methods of developing single-strip blocks with the optimal number of ground control points are presented. The proposed methodology is based on a modified linear regression model and an empirically modified Levenberg–Marquardt–Powell algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed methods of adjusting a single-strip block were verified based on several test sets. For method I, the mean square errors (RMSE) values for the X, Y, Z coordinates of the control points were within the range of 0.03–0.13 m/0.08–0.09 m, and for the second method, 0.03–0.04 m/0.06–0.07 m. For independent control points, the RMSE values were 0.07–0.12 m/0.06–0.07 m for the first method and 0.07–0.12 m/0.07–0.09 m for the second method. The results of the single-strip block adjustment showed that the use of the modified Levenberg–Marquardt–Powell method improved the adjustment accuracy by 13% and 16%, respectively.
Highlights
In recent years, the intensity of use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in photogrammetric and remote sensing applications has been constantly growing
It is worth noting that despite the emergence of a more precise positioning system (e.g., real-time kinematic (RTK)), many low-cost UAVs are still equipped with single-frequency global positioning system (GPS) receivers [1]
The second method was based on a linear optimization method—the modified Levenberg–Marquardt–Powell algorithm
Summary
The intensity of use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in photogrammetric and remote sensing applications has been constantly growing. It seems reasonable to use UAVs to collect data to facilitate the choice of the location for such a landing strip. This can be justified in many ways, such as low cost of operation, the ability to provide geospatial data with high spatial resolution, the small size of the flying platform, low airspace occupancy (e.g., low flight altitude), ease of preparation for flight and quick recovery of readiness to perform the task. There is, a greater likelihood of improper navigation of the UAV using RTK in the vicinity of other radiation sources. This is mainly due to the phenomenon of electromagnetic wave interference from various devices. It seems more appropriate to use a UAV positioning method which utilizes a narrower frequency band, i.e., GPS
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