Abstract
Increasingly stringent emission regulations and environmental concerns have propelled the development of electrification technology in the transport industry. Yet, the greatest hurdle to developing fully electric vehicles is electrochemical energy storage, which struggles to achieve profitable specific power, specific energy and cost targets. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs), which combine energy- and power-optimised sources, seem to be the most promising solution for improving the overall performance of energy storage. The potential for gravimetric and volumetric reduction is strictly dependent on the overall power-to-energy ratio (PE ratio) of the application, packaging factors, the minimum and maximum PE ratio achievable for the system’s energy- and power-optimised sources and the performance of power electronics. This paper presents a simple optimisation methodology that considers these factors and identifies the optimal HESS requirements that may present new opportunities for a variety of vehicles where low weight and volume are of high importance. The simplicity of the method means that decisions relating to a HESS can be made earlier in the system design process. This method of analysis showed that a battery HESS has the potential to reduce cell mass and volume by over 30% for applications that are well suited to optimal HESS characteristics.
Highlights
The choice of which energy storage technologies to use can be made on the basis of many factors, including efficiency, system integration, energy and power densities, durability and cost
This paper presents a novel method to understand the trade-offs when designing a Hybrid energy storage systems (HESSs) and conduct a swift evaluation of many variants of HESS systems for numerous applications without using in-depth simulation or optimisation algorithms
The work focussed on mixing different types of Li-ion batteries with a range of power-dense and energy-dense battery chemistries
Summary
The choice of which energy storage technologies to use can be made on the basis of many factors, including efficiency, system integration, energy and power densities, durability and cost. HESSs have been used primarily for microgrid applications and involve combining two or more renewable energy sources and storage technologies, such as wind turbines, solar power, hydro power, fuel cells and battery storage systems [1,8,9,10] The focus of these systems is to achieve prolonged operating life while meeting the demands of the power grid despite large fluctuations in power from renewable sources. Potential and volume savings of implementing a HESS a wide of appliThe weight aim of this paper was to present a methodology forfor the initialvariety assessment of cations without requiring detailed simulations. The proposed method was applied exclusively to different Li-ion cell types; the method could be extended to cover other types of energy storage systems that can be quantified in terms of scalable specific energy and specific power
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