Methodology for determining the forces that act on parts of the human body during different sports movements

Abstract

The human body is a complex system, its functioning is subject to certain laws. Human movement is the basis of its existence. In the first approximation, the study of the laws of human motion can be carried out from the standpoint of biomechanics. The fundamental importance of biomechanics for the development of natural sciences, astronautics, medicine, physical culture and sports is well known and is due to the fact that its laws and methods of modeling are widely used in practical developments for each of these areas of science. Quantitative calculations of mechanical characteristics are an important step in determining rational biomechanical parameters for various human movements and actions, including sports. One of the stages of the analysis is to determine the forces acting on parts of the human body. The determined forces can be used both for further analysis of the deformation of body parts and for the analysis of motion in order to determine the rational parameters, i.e. those that lead to the best results. The paper considers issues related to quasi-stationary analysis of forces acting on elements of biomechanical systems. Theoretical methods and approach to computer modeling are offered. The main types of forces, which are taken into account in the calculated analysis of the balance and movement of an athlete in various sports, are given. In particular, an approach to determining the position of the center of mass of the biomechanical system "human body" for the correct introduction of gravity forces into the design scheme is presented. A theoretical approach to determining the forces of interaction in the joints of the human body is considered. The numerical analysis is carried out on the basis of computer modeling by means of software KiDiM on the example of determination of reactions under the conditions of a certain pose of the athlete.