Methodology Based on Photogrammetry for Testing Ship-Block Resistance in Traditional Towing Tanks: Observations and Benchmark Data

José Enrique Gutiérrez-Romero,Samuel Ruiz-Capel,Blas Zamora-Parra,Juan Pedro Luna-Abad,Jerónimo Esteve-Pérez

doi:10.3390/jmse10020246

José Enrique Gutiérrez-Romero, Samuel Ruiz-Capel + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020246

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Abstract

The real resistance that a ship must face when it is navigating in ice floes is the key factor for knowing the necessary power and the required engine size. The aim of this work is to provide valuable data to help other research in which numerical frameworks will be developed to study ship navigation in broken ice. In this work, we used paraffin wax as an alternative to obtain affordable solutions, avoiding the high cost of ice tests. The experiments were carried out in a traditional basin facility and they consisted of towing tank tests with a ship model using different concentrations of blocks simulated by the use of paraffin wax. Photogrammetry was used as technique to determine the initial position of the ice blocks, which is important as starting data in the current development of numerical simulation code for studying the features of ship resistance in drift ice. These data are available for some ice concentrations in attached files. In addition, a procedure for testing in traditional towing facilities is presented and discussed. The results of the resistance obtained in the experiments in the presence of simulated floes are presented for three concentrations and three model speeds. Some findings may be applicable to ice sailing, under given circumstances.

Highlights

Received: 5 January 2022Year after year, due to the effects of human industrial activities that pump GreenHouse Gases (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere, the average temperature of the planet is rapidly increasing
Shipping companies and cargo vessels operators are considering new market opportunities in Arctic waters related to natural resources exploitation, new destinations for maritime traffic, and new routes for transit [2]
This paper presents the obtained results, including the data for verifying and validating numerical simulations with solids at free surface, and the procedure developed to analyze ship-block interaction in a traditional towing tank with blocks made of paraffin wax

Summary

Introduction

Received: 5 January 2022Year after year, due to the effects of human industrial activities that pump GreenHouse Gases (GHG) emissions into the atmosphere, the average temperature of the planet is rapidly increasing. Over the last two decades, Arctic surface air temperature has increased at more than double the global average and studies point to a trend towards higher temperatures in the Arctic [1]. Sea ice melts and ice cover recedes. This allows more energy to be absorbed from the radiation of the sun, generating a loop of ice melting. These declining sea ice trends have made it possible for ships to navigate Arctic waters for longer durations in summer. Shipping companies and cargo vessels operators are considering new market opportunities in Arctic waters related to natural resources exploitation, new destinations for maritime traffic, and new routes for transit [2]. The shipping through the Arctic Ocean presents a high potential for time and cost savings compared to traditional shipping routes connecting Europe, Asia, and America (see Figure 1)

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