Methodologies for the Possible Integral Generation of Geopolymers Based on Copper Tailings

Hengels Castillo,Pamela Garrido,Thomas Droguett,Mario Vesely,Humberto Collado,Sergio Palma,Sebastián Sánchez

doi:10.3390/min11121367

Abstract

It is of interest to study the use of copper tailings as a raw material to generate geopolymers due to the exorbitant amounts of existing tailings deposits, which also produce different risks to nearby communities. Therefore, using this industrial waste as construction material would result in several environmental and economic benefits. Due to the above, it is necessary to perform laboratory tests that account for the relevant variables to obtain fresh geopolymer pastes with good consistency, and to obtain hardened geopolymers with good mechanical strength. This report gives an account of the experimental work carried out in the laboratory of the CIMS Sustainable Mining Research Center of the Engineering Consulting Company JRI, exposing the preliminary results observed in the generation of geopolymers by means of seven different methods using copper tailings and NaOH. Of the seven methods evaluated in the laboratory, it was observed that two of them deliver better results from a qualitative point of view, where the influence of the curing stage stands out, reflecting that temperature is one of the critical variables for the formation of geopolymers based on copper tailings and NaOH. The best means to work the mixtures should be studied to optimize the solubility of the NaOH and, therefore, the dissolution of the aluminosilicates in the tailings.

Highlights

The mining industry is the foundation for the manufacture of electronic communication equipment, machinery, aerospace materials, etc
There is great interest in the utilization of mine tailings, for which much energy is consumed during the comminution process, as construction materials using geopolymerization, a novel alkali-activation technique [2,3,4,5]
NaOHaddition addition procedure, and it was found to be detrimental to first dilute the water with the tailings and procedure, and it was found to be detrimental to first dilute the water with the tailings sodium hydroxide

Summary

Introduction

The mining industry is the foundation for the manufacture of electronic communication equipment, machinery, aerospace materials, etc. In the process of refining valuable minerals, large amounts of mine tailings are produced. In China, approximately 10 billion tons of tailings were stored until 2009, with 1.5 billion tons of tailings being produced in 2011 alone [1]. It is critical to develop procedures to address potential tailing-induced environmental pollution. There is great interest in the utilization of mine tailings, for which much energy is consumed during the comminution process, as construction materials using geopolymerization, a novel alkali-activation technique [2,3,4,5]. Geopolymerization is a process for obtaining a polymeric structure from aluminosilicate by dissolving aluminosilicate sources in a strong alkali (most commonly used is NaOH)

Objectives

Methods

Conclusion