Abstract
This study evaluated the time efficiency of stress associated with ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Sixty adult Wistar rats, housed in temperature-controlled rooms and receiving water and food ad libitum, were randomly separated into stress (n = 30) or control groups (n = 30). All animals were anesthetized, and nylon ligatures were placed at the gingival margin level of the maxillary right second molars. After the induction of periodontitis, rats in the stress group were subjected to physical restraint for 12 hours daily. The animals were euthanized after 7, 15 and 30 days by anesthetic overdose (10 animals per group per period). The right hemimaxillae were stored in formalin solution for 48 hours. Parallel radiographic images of the hemimaxillae were taken and processed following standard procedures. Radiographic examination was performed by a blinded and previously calibrated investigator. Bone height level was measured, and data were submitted to analysis of variance and post hoc Bonferroni tests (p < 0.05). Rats in the stress group had greater bone loss than those in the control group at 7 and 15 days post-induction (p < 0.05). After 30 days, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Restraint stress modulates the short-term progression of periodontal disease in rats. Therefore, the 12-hour daily physical restraint stress model in rats applied for up to 15 days is suitable for the investigation of the combined effect of ligation and restraint stress on periodontal degradation.
Highlights
Stress is an organic response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to chemical, physical and emotional stimuli
Since the discovery of microorganisms as etiological agents of periodontal disease, it was suggested that stressed people were more likely to develop periodontal disease such as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.[3,4,5]
The 12-hour daily physical restraint stress model in rats associated with experimentally induced periodontal disease is well-documented.[7,8,9,10]
Summary
Stress is an organic response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis to chemical, physical and emotional stimuli. Researchers categorize stress into several phases that can lead to fast reactions with no major consequences or determine the collapse of vital organ systems (exhaustion phase).[1,2]. Since the discovery of microorganisms as etiological agents of periodontal disease, it was suggested that stressed people were more likely to develop periodontal disease such as acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis.[3,4,5] The concept of acute disease has changed over the past years, relations to psychosocial and emotional issues remain.[6]. The 12-hour daily physical restraint stress model in rats associated with experimentally induced periodontal disease is well-documented.[7,8,9,10] Other models using a short period of stress have been demonstrated to be good options.[11,12,13] In an attempt to minimize animal suffering and research expenses, the aim of the present work was to generate a short-term animal model that would minimize the number of days of the stress condition in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis
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