METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF TEACHING THE GENRE OF SCIENCE FICTION IN INSTITUTIONS OF GENERAL SECONDARY EDUCATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KURT VONNEGUT’S NOVEL «CAT’S CRADLE»)

Abstract

This article is devoted to the role of the cultural aspect in literary education. The necessity to create a comprehensive system of studying the science fiction genre of the 20th century (on the example of Kurt Vonnegut’s «Cat’s Cradle») at the final stage of school literary education has been identified and substantiated.
 At the center of the concept of modern literary education and upbringing are the personality of the student, his desire to understand the whole picture of the world, mastering culture as the experience of previous generations, involvement in spiritual heritage. To the extent that the student-reader learns the experience passed on by previous generations, to the extent that he will be able to navigate the constantly changing conditions of life, realize his own responsibility to the future generation.
 The cultural illiteracy of high school students, the loss of connection with the spiritual culture of their people and humanity in general speak of the need to educate a «person of culture» in a modern school. In this regard, an important role in the formation of emotional perception and understanding of various facts of the culture of both their own and other nations is played by lexicographers and the literature classes conducted by them, aimed at studying literary works against the background of a broad cultural context. Involvement in the historical-literary process will help students to see patterns in the development of foreign culture and literature in particular.
 An important point is the culturalization of education, which is aimed at globalization in the field of culture and education, associated with increasing interest in the problems of the cultural identity of peoples. Globalization in education is a single world cultural and educational space, a single world labor market and educational services.
 The cultural aspect of education determines the composition and hierarchy of values, the system- creating element of which is the student’s personality as the main value. There is no doubt that the implementation of the cultural aspect of teaching literature at school contributes to the effective entry of students into the context of culture, forms in them a system of key value ideas about the world and man, which become worldview guidelines. The cultural aspect makes it possible to overcome the stereotypes accumulated in the perception and analysis of both foreign literature (works in the light of the cultural aspect of the study return with new facets and open new meanings) and foreign culture as a whole.
 Undoubtedly, the cultural aspect allows one to consider the work of art in three planes: a generalized model of the world, national and cultural specificity, the author’s own model of the world and man, where his philosophical, religious, moral and aesthetic views are presented.
 Implementation of the cultural aspect in education is possible in the process of development of the value-meaning sphere of the individual.