Methodological approaches to the formation of the pre-service Music teachers' systematic idea of the national musical culture

Abstract

The work is devoted to the formation of a systematic idea of the national musical culture (NMC) in the music teachers training process. The expediency and validity of four pedagogical approaches have been determined. It concerns systemic, culture-based, activity-centred and hermeneutic approaches. Based on the conceptual provisions of researchers' works, as well as the method of systemic genre modelling of musical culture, the idea of the structure of the NMC as a systemic and holistic phenomenon is accepted as a guideline. The basis of the NMC is the tradition of folk art, folklore of large and small peoples belonging to a single nation. Folklore is a complex phenomenon that should be presented and studied as a system of song, dance, and instrumental genres (mythological, ritual and magic, calendar and ritual, epic, game, etc.) The author describes that the genre model of the NMC used in the study allows to cover all the main characteristics and elements of the cultural practice of music, such as: the activities of performing musicians; functioning of theatres, concert organisations, creative unions; work of educational institutions; production and use of musical instruments, sheet music and books; media activity, etc. Therefore, the NMC can be considered not only in terms of its genre content. However, with any approach, from any point of view, the theoretical reflection of musical culture will be a multi-element, multi-faceted and multi-level unity. They are implemented through the application of a complex of pedagogical principles, methods and forms of education, such as: the principle of coordination and subordination of artistic cultures and their components; the principle of the "spiral trajectory" of the educational course thematic composition; the principle of the genre and style model of the NMC; the method of immersion in culture; the method of multi-artistic representation of educational material; the principle of establishing the level of cultures affinity, which regulates the involvement of comparative analysis methods; the principle of creative assimilation of the music-language system of the NMC; the didactic game method; the "hermeneutic circle" principle; the method of creating mnemonic symbols, etc.