Abstract
The problem of macrosegregation of alloying elements occurring during cast strand solidification in the continuous casting process is still valid; it is the subject of numerous experiments and theoretical considerations. A large percentage of this research is dedicated to carbon segregation, which, for understandable reasons, is vital for the production of high-carbon steels. The background knowledge on the mechanism of segregation occurrence indicates that it is a very complex effect, and a broad range of factors influencing the continuous casting process need to be considered. Therefore, it is difficult to translate information (provided by complex models of metal flow through a diphase area at the solidification interface of a cast strand) into practical engineering recommendations to reduce the macrosegregation effect. The presented study shows the latest research related to the carbon macrosegregation effect for selected high-carbon steel grades cast with a continuous caster. Problems related to the recording of the effect concerned have been pointed out. The second part of the paper presents the influence of selected casting parameters on carbon macrosegregation intensity when casting 160 × 160 billets with a six-strand caster. In this case, the main subject of the research was the influence of the casting speed on macrosegregation intensity. In the following step, an attempt was made to find the relationship between the cast strand structure and the distribution of carbon content on its cross-section. The ultimate objective of the presented study was to find an answer to the question on the technological capabilities of restricting the segregation effect.
Highlights
The first descriptions of the macrosegregation effect concentrated on the analysis of effects occurring during the metal solidification process at the interface
Assuming that the solubility of the segregating element was known, both in the liquid phase and the solid phase, the metal bath liquidus temperature variability profile was determined by the intensity of the liquid phase stirring near the interface
The temperature profiles were introduced for both the beginning and the end of a given crystallization step
Summary
The first descriptions of the macrosegregation effect concentrated on the analysis of effects occurring during the metal solidification process at the interface. Referring to a conducted experiment [3], he presented model developed on the basis of this theory, taking into account the shrinkage effect and the deformation the macrosegregation as a result of the solidification process with a decreasing cross-section area of of the liquid phase space is based on the following relationship [3]: the flow (Figure 2). Onenot of need the most frequent defects that but mayitoccur when obstaclelong in determining chemical composition ofneed the axial area of a billet It is abut well-known fact casting strands is anthe axial porosity. Tests of the element segregation effect, two methods can be applied to determine the chemical composition: measurement with a spark spectrometer, or using samples. Type of the and with a spark spectrometer (Spectrom.) Carbon for a casting speed of 1.8 m/min (Heat no.1)
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