Method OF INAA for Critical Evaluation Pollution of Ecosystem

Abstract

The heavy metals in mosses biomonitoring network was originally established as a Swedish initiative (Rűhling, Tyler, 1968, 1971). It is assumed that in Slovakia (SK) a large gradient of atmospheric deposition load of elements exists, because part of the SK territory belongs to one of the most polluted areas in central Europe known as the ‘Black Triangle II’. In order to recognise the distribution of element deposition in SK, the moss monitoring technique, also known as bryomonitoring, was applied to the whole territory in 1990, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000 and 2005 (Maňkovska, Oszlanyi, 2008). Bryomonitoring is a suitable technique using moss analysis to determine the levels of atmospheric deposition of the elements. The technique has been highly standardised and international bryomonitoring programs coordinated by Nordic countries have a pan-European character (Harmens et al.2008; Maňkovska, 1997; Maňkovska et al. 2003; 2008a b; Schroder et al.2008; Suchara et al. 2007; Zechmeister et al. 2003). These are characterized by a high concentration of toxic elements such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V and Zn. The aim of this paper is to present actual data of the first survey of 9 elements in mosses (P. schreberi, H. splendens and Dicranum sp.) in five Slovak sites: National parks (Vysoke Tatry, Nizke Tatry, Zapadne Tatry, Slovenský raj) and Landscape protection area (Veľka Fatra) and Bab Research Sites. An additional aim of this report is to summarize changes in heavy metal concentrations in mosses in Slovakia between 1990 and 2005 and to summarize concentration of Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Hf, I, In, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sm, Sr, Ta, Tb, Th, Ti, U, V, W, Yb, Zn, Zr in mosses in Slovakia for 2000.