Abstract
Coating processes are commonly used in materials science to protect a core or modify material properties. We describe a hydrothermal coating process using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), a widely used precursor for silica coatings, on three representative template materials (carbon nanotubes, silica, and polystyrene nanoparticles) with different properties and shapes. We compare the efficiency of previously published protocols for silica coatings at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with the hydrothermal process at 160 °C and 3 bar. The hydrothermal method achieves higher yields and thicker silica coatings with the same amount of precursor when compared to the conventional way, thus offering higher effectiveness. Furthermore, the hydrothermal coating process yields more homogeneous shells with a higher density, making hydrothermal coating the method of choice when mechanical integrity and low permeability of the coating are required.
Highlights
Silica Shells on Nanoparticles.One of the essential operations in materials science is coating materials with a thin layer of functional material
The hydrothermal process allows for growing coatings with sol-gel compatible precurgrees of silica coating using Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as hydrophobic precursor materials should be achieved sors
XPSsurvey surveyspectra spectra measured pure template after silFigure measured forfor thethe pure template andand after silica ica coating by the standard room temperature and hydrothermal methods
Summary
The most frequently described method for coating different core templates with silica and other oxide shells is using well-soluble precursors at room temperature [8,9,10,11,12]. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) is a hydrophobic precursor, which enables growing and crystal growth are enormously favored Such methods have found extensive silica shells on different templates. The hydrothermal process allows for growing coatings with sol-gel compatible precurgrees of silica coating using TEOS as hydrophobic precursor materials should be achieved sors.
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