Abstract
Background: Staphylococcus aureus infections account for significant morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. Colonization by methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) usually precedes the development of subsequent infections. Aim: To study the frequency of MRSA colonization and to analyze its risk factors among HIV-infected adult patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted including 194 HIV-infected patients. Anterior nasal swabs were obtained and processed for isolation of MRSA following standard guidelines. Risk factors for MRSA colonization were assessed, and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the MRSA isolates including low-level resistance to mupirocin was studied. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. Results: MRSA colonization of anterior nares was found in 49 patients (25.3%). Patients put on antibiotics in the prior 3 months (P = 0.001) and those with percutaneous device in the past year (P = 0.001) were more likely to be MRSA colonized. Antiretroviral therapy was found to be protective against MRSA colonization (P = 0.004). Low-level mupirocin resistance was found in four (8.2%) isolates of MRSA. Conclusion: A significant proportion of HIV-infected patients were found to have MRSA colonization. Detection and monitoring for MRSA carriage status may be considered to reduce infections caused by MRSA in HIV-infected individuals.
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