Abstract
The first studies on Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections in athletes were conducted in the 1980s, and examined athletes that perform in close physical contact, with particular attention to damaged or infected skin. Recent studies have used molecular epidemiology to shed light on the transmission of SA in professional athletes. These studies have shown that contact between athletes is prolonged and constant, and that these factors influence the appearance of infections caused by SA. These results support the need to use sanitary measures designed to prevent the appearance of SA infections. The factors triggering the establishment of SA within professional sports groups are the nasal colonization of SA, contact between athletes and sweating. Hence, there is a need to use the most modern molecular typing methods to evaluate the appearance of cutaneous SA disease. This review aims to summarize both the current SA infections known in athletes and the diagnostic methods employed for recognition, pointing to possible preventive strategies and the factors that can act as a springboard for the appearance of SA and subsequent transmission between athletes.
Highlights
The primary goal of this review is to provide a better understanding of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections and the caused by the sharing of spaces or common objects, such as equipment, benches, changing rooms potential relationship with the associated sports activity
The primary goal of this review is to provide a better understanding of SA infections and the potential relationship with the associated sports activity
This review summarizes both the current insights into the sports activity related to SA infections and risk factors, and the latest diagnostic methods for recognition
Summary
SA is the most common sports-related skin infection. SA infection may manifest as impetigo, erysipelas, folliculitis [50,51,52] and furunculosis [53]. These disorders occur in athletes who play contact sports such as rugby, judo and wrestling [51,52]. Common risk factors for pyomyositis are exercise may be a possible risk factor Another risk factor that emerges from contact sports is muscle immunodeficiency, trauma, concurrent infections and malnutrition [59,60]. It has been manipulation (physiotherapy), which can represent an additional, albeit rare, outbreak of infection [61]. Proposed that strenuous exercise may be a possible risk factor Another risk factor that emerges from contact sports is muscle manipulation (physiotherapy), which can represent an additional, albeit rare, Septic.
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