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Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains are now common both in the health care setting and in the community. Active surveillance is critical for MRSA control and prevention. Specimens of patients (200 patients with 1119 specimens) as well as medical staff and hospital setting (1000 specimens) were randomly sampled in a level 2 hospital in Shanghai from September 2011 to August 2012. Isolation, cultivation and identification of S. aureus were performed. Totally, 67 S. aureus strains were isolated. 32 S. aureus strains were isolated from patient samples; 13 (13/32, 40.6%) of the 32 S. aureus isolates were MRSA; sputum sample and patients in the department of general internal medicine were the most frequent specimen and patient group for S. aureus strains isolation. Remaining 35 S. aureus strains were isolated from the medical staff and hospital setting; 20 (20/35, 57.1%) of the 35 S. aureus isolates were MRSA; specimens sampled from doctors and nurses’ hands and nose and hospital facilities were the most frequent samples to isolate S. aureus. Resistant and virulent genes detection showed that, all 33 MRSA strains were mecA positive which accounts for 49.3% of the 67 S. aureus strains; 38 isolates were Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene positive which accounts for 56.7% of the 67 S. aureus strains; and 17 (17/67, 25.4%) isolates are mecA and PVL genes dual positive. Multidrug-resistant strains of MRSA and PVL positive S. aureus are common in patients, medical staff and hospital setting, the potential health threat is worthy of our attention.
Highlights
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a gram-positive coccal bacterium that belongs to the Firmicutes, was first identified in 1880 in Aberdeen, Scotland [1]
Remaining 35 S. aureus strains were isolated from the medical staff and hospital setting; 20 (20/35, 57.1%) of the 35 S. aureus isolates were Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA); specimens sampled from doctors and nurses’ hands and nose and hospital facilities were the most frequent samples to isolate S. aureus
Resistant and virulent genes detection showed that, all 33 MRSA strains were methicillin resistance gene (mecA) positive which accounts for 49.3% of the 67 S. aureus strains; 38 isolates were Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) gene positive which accounts for 56.7% of the 67 S. aureus strains; and 17 (17/67, 25.4%) isolates are mecA and PVL genes dual positive
Summary
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), a gram-positive coccal bacterium that belongs to the Firmicutes, was first identified in 1880 in Aberdeen, Scotland [1]. The formation of peptidoglycan cross-linkages provides the rigidity and strength in a bacterial cell wall [7]. Penicillin, an antibiotic derived from Penicillum fungus, can bind to the DD-transpeptidase to inhibit the enzyme’s functionality and blocked the formation of bacterial cell walls [10, 11]. The variant penicillin-binding www.impactjournals.com/oncotarget protein binds beta-lactams with lower avidity, which results in complete resistance to all beta-lactam antibiotics including the semi-synthetic penicillins [10,11,12,13]. From the early 1970s, penicillin resistance is common in most countries and this forced the physicians to abandon their belief that all bacterial infections were treatable if given the vast array of effective antimicrobial agents [14]
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