Methanotrophic activity and diversity in different &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Sphagnum magellanicum&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; dominated habitats in the southernmost peat bogs of Patagonia

N Kip,L Bodrossy,A J P Smolders,Y Pan,M S M Jetten,H J M Op Den Camp,E S Langelaan,C Fritz,V Pancotto

doi:10.5194/bg-9-47-2012

Abstract

Abstract. Sphagnum peatlands are important ecosystems in the methane cycle. Methanotrophs living inside the dead hyaline cells or on the Sphagnum mosses are able to act as a methane filter and thereby reduce methane emissions. We investigated in situ methane concentrations and the corresponding activity and diversity of methanotrophs in different Sphagnum dominated bog microhabitats. In contrast to the Northern Hemisphere peat ecosystems the temperate South American peat bogs are dominated by one moss species; Sphagnum magellanicum. This permitted a species-independent comparison of the different bog microhabitats. Potential methane oxidizing activity was found in all Sphagnum mosses sampled and a positive correlation was found between activity and in situ methane concentrations. Substantial methane oxidation activity (23 μmol CH4 gDW−1 day−1) was found in pool mosses and could be correlated with higher in situ methane concentrations (>35 μmol CH4 l−1 pore water). Little methanotrophic activity (<0.5 μmol CH4 gDW−1 day−1) was observed in living Sphagnum mosses from lawns and hummocks. Methane oxidation activity was relatively high (>4 μmol CH4 gDW−1 day−1) in Sphagnum litter at depths around the water levels and rich in methane. The total bacterial community was studied using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the methanotrophic communities were studied using a pmoA microarray and a complementary pmoA clone library. The methanotrophic diversity was similar in the different habitats of this study and comparable to the methanotrophic diversity found in peat mosses from the Northern Hemisphere. The pmoA microarray data indicated that both alpha- and gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs were present in all Sphagnum mosses, even in those mosses with a low initial methane oxidation activity. Prolonged incubation of Sphagnum mosses from lawn and hummock with methane revealed that the methanotrophic community present was viable and showed an increased activity within 15 days. The high abundance of methanotrophic Methylocystis species in the most active mosses suggests that these might be responsible for the bulk of methane oxidation.

Highlights

Carbon dioxide and methane are important greenhouse gases and their concentrations are rising rapidly since industrial times (Forster et al, 2007)
The pmoA microarray data indicated that both alpha- and gammaproteobacterial methanotrophs were present in all Sphagnum mosses, even in those mosses with a low initial methane oxidation activity
This study revealed a high activity and diversity of methanotrophic bacteria in Patagonian Sphagnum bogs

Summary

Introduction

Carbon dioxide and methane are important greenhouse gases and their concentrations are rising rapidly since industrial times (Forster et al, 2007). The microbial communities can be investigated with molecular tools based on the bacterial 16S rRNA genes (Stackebrandt and Goebel, 1994), while methanotrophic communities can be characterized using functional genes like the methane monooxygenase genes, pmoA and mmoX (Murrell and Jetten, 2009). These genes encode subunits of the methane monooxygenase enzyme, which catalyses the first step in the methane oxidation pathway and can only be found in methanotrophs. A fast screening tool to study the diversity of methanotrophs is a pmoA based microarray that can be used to analyse the methanotrophic community of an ecosystem (Bodrossy et al, 2003)

Methods

Results

Conclusion