Methanolic Extract of Myrsine africana Leaf Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Albino Mice.

Yosef Eshetie Amare,José Roberto Santin

doi:10.1155/2021/3987656

Yosef Eshetie Amare, José Roberto Santin

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3987656

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Abstract

Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading public health problems globally, and its prevalence is increasing in Ethiopia. The current drugs for people with diabetes are costly, less effective, and less safe with a challenging administration method. Thus, globally, the need for alternative herbal antidiabetic medicines is increasing. In the previous studies, antioxidant activities have been seen in crude extracts of M. africana leaves, which is an auspicious sign of antidiabetic property. Accordingly, this study has evaluated the antidiabetic and antidyslipidemic activities of methanolic extract of M. africana leaves. Methods Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of the three doses (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg) of crude methanolic extract of M. africana leaf were studied on normoglycemic, oral glucose-loaded, and alloxan-induced diabetic mice models. The effect of the extract on diabetic dyslipidemia, insulin and glycated hemoglobin levels, carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes, and body weight was also studied in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug in all cases. Data analysis was carried out using mixed-design ANOVA. A P value of ≤0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results The methanolic extract of M. africana leaf did not show acute toxicity up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg and showed better glucose utilization in the oral glucose tolerance test. After 14 days of treatment, M. africana leaf extract decreased the blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase in diabetic mice. In contrast, it increased hexokinase and insulin levels in diabetic mice. Moreover, weight loss and dyslipidemia profiles have been corrected significantly in diabetic mice. Conclusion M. africana leaves showed antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice. That suggests M. africana may be a potential treatment option for diabetes in the future. However, further molecular studies are required to analyze the mechanisms.

Highlights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood glucose levels due to the absence of insulin secretion or defects in insulin action
Fresh leaves of M. africana were collected from Ankober, North Shewa Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia, in May 2019. e use of plant parts in the present study complies with international, national, or institutional guidelines. e plant specimen was kept at the Herbarium of Addis Ababa University with the voucher number ATA0001 after taxonomic identification and authentication by Dr Abiyou Tilahun. en, dried fresh leaves (100 g) of the plant material were macerated, stayed for five days in stoppered conical flasks containing 200 ml of methanol, and filtered. e filtrate was dried under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 3 g of crude extract. e weighed crude extract was stored at −4°C until used
DM is the known metabolic disease described by elevated blood glucose levels due to compromised metabolism of macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins and related to absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion or/and insulin action [41]. e need for safe and efficient antidiabetic drugs is still the world scientific community issue

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood glucose levels due to the absence of insulin secretion or defects in insulin action It is becoming a worldwide public health problem leading to macro- and microvascular complications [1]. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activities of the three doses (250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg) of crude methanolic extract of M. africana leaf were studied on normoglycemic, oral glucose-loaded, and alloxan-induced diabetic mice models. After 14 days of treatment, M. africana leaf extract decreased the blood glucose level, glycated hemoglobin, glucose-6-phosphatase, and fructose-1-6-bisphosphatase in diabetic mice. It increased hexokinase and insulin levels in diabetic mice. Further molecular studies are required to analyze the mechanisms

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Conclusion