Abstract
In this research, an ANOVA analysis and a response surface methodology are applied to analyze the equilibrium of methanol reaction from pure carbon dioxide and hydrogen. In the ANOVA analysis, carbon monoxide composition in the feed, reaction temperature, recycle and water removal through a zeolite membrane are the analyzed factors. Carbon conversion, methanol yield, methanol productivity and methanol selectivity are the analyzed responses. Results show that main factors have the same effect on responses and a common significant interaction is not present. Carbon monoxide composition and water removal have a positive effect, while temperature and recycle have a negative effect on the system. From central composite design, an optimal solution is found in order to overcome thermodynamic limit: the reactor works with a membrane at lower temperature with carbon monoxide composition in the feed equal to 10 mol % and without recycle. In these conditions, carbon conversion, methanol yield, methanol selectivity, and methanol production are, respectively, higher than 60%, higher than 60%, between 90% and 95% and higher than 0.15 mol/h when considering a feed flow rate of 1 mol/h. A comparison with a traditional reactor is also developed: the membrane reactor ensures to have a carbon conversion higher of the 29% and a methanol yield higher of the 34%. Future researches should evaluate an economic analysis about the optimal solution.
Highlights
Methanol production via CO2 hydrogenation is an important representative among the chemical conversions of CO2 and offers challenging opportunities for sustainable development.As a raw material, methanol constitutes the basis for the production of hundreds of chemicals, such as formaldehyde, methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), acetic acid, methyl methacrylate, dimethyl terephthalate, and olefins, all basic chemical building blocks for a number of common products [1]
Instead, has a higher effect on methanol selectivity respect to other significant factors and interactions. These results suggest that temperature has an important role on equilibrium reaction
4 shows chosen and the values of the their levels setanalyzed in a facein centered composite central design, usedthe to find thefactors response surface plot of responses central design, used to find the response surface plot of the responses analyzed in Factors are the same used in previous ANOVA analysis: CO concentration in the feed, temperature, Factors are the same used in previous concentration in the feed, temperature, the recycle of unconverted gas and the removal of water through a membrane
Summary
Methanol production via CO2 hydrogenation is an important representative among the chemical conversions of CO2 and offers challenging opportunities for sustainable development.As a raw material, methanol constitutes the basis for the production of hundreds of chemicals, such as formaldehyde, methyl tertbutyl ether (MTBE), acetic acid, methyl methacrylate, dimethyl terephthalate, and olefins (ethylene and propylene), all basic chemical building blocks for a number of common products [1]. Methanol can be used as transportation fuel, as a fuel cell hydrogen carrier, as well as in wastewater treatment or in electricity production It is an excellent fuel and a key starting material of important industrial reactions [2]. In industrial applications, methanol can be produced from syngas, a mixture of CO, CO2 and H2 at 50–100 bar and 250 ◦ C–300 ◦ C, using copper and zinc-based catalyst [5,6]. These catalysts are already active at 200 ◦ C and selective towards the formation of H2 and CO2. Pontzen et al [8]
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