Methane yield potential of novel perennial biogas crops influenced by harvest date

Abstract

In the past decade biogas production has experienced a strong increase in Germany, and along with that the demand for biogas substrate increased equally. In most cases, maize is used as feedstock for biogas production due to its high biomass and methane yields; however, by now, different alternative crops have been considered as potential feedstocks for biogas production. In the present study, four novel perennial crops – cup plant (Silphium perfolatium), energy dock (Rumex schavnat), giant knotweed (Falopia sachalinensis var. Igniscum) and Szarvasi (Elymus elongatus ssp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1) – were investigated in a field experiment located in Southwest Germany for their suitability as biogas crops. The study focused on the impact of different harvest dates on biogas potential expressed by the specific methane yield (SMY). Moreover, further parameters such as dry matter yield (DMY), dry matter content (DMC) and methane hectare yield (MHY) were determined. Each crop was harvested several times over a certain period; methane yields were determined by batch fermentation experiments. The results showed that harvest date influenced the tested crops and parameters in the most cases significantly. Szarvasi was found to provide the highest SMY, which decreased over the harvest period in summer (0.376–0.311Nm3kgoDM−1). In contrast SMY of energy dock (0.297–0.187Nm3kgoDM−1) and cup plant (0.274–0.232Nm3kgoDM−1) showed a lower biogas potential on a medium level. An overall low potential regarding SMY was found for Igniscum. In general, the results indicated an adequate biogas potential of all tested crops with exception of Igniscum.