Abstract
The literature has been critically reviewed in order to assess the current various techniques applied in controlling landfill gas emission and leachate generation in landfills, while also taking into cognizance the methods applied in generating energy from biomass and the energy generation potency from landfills. Landfills serve as a simple and very economic means of disposing solid waste, but they also have negative impact on the environment, which includes the emission of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) such as methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and leachate generation. Various technologies have been employed to enhance the quality of emissions from landfills in order to reduce the environmental as well as the social impact caused by landfills. There has been an increased practice of revegetation on landfill sites in order to enhance environmental sustainability and in turn trees further serve as sources of biomass used for energy generation. This study presents a review of the various techniques applied in controlling landfill gas emission and leachate generation in landfills, taking also into cognizance the methods applied in generating energy from biomass and the energy generation potency from landfills. Phytocapping, phytostabilization, anaerobic digestion, pretreatment of solid wastes and waste co-digestion are other technologies that have been used to enhance the recovery of biogas from solid wastes.
Highlights
Landfill disposal of solid waste is a very common practice in many cities around the world
CH4 and CO2 being the major Landfill Gases (LFG) have relative amounts of 40-45% and 55-60% by volume, respectively (Raco et al, 2010) some authors put the values at 50
Landfill gas collection and recovery system’s practicability is greatly dependent on the type of gases and the amount of CH4 emitted by the landfill
Summary
Landfill disposal of solid waste is a very common practice in many cities around the world. Landfills have great impact on climate change, they generate carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) which are greenhouse gases (GHG) contributing to global warming along with several other gaseous components. These gases are by-products of anaerobic decomposition of organic waste, a process which converts organic waste biologically in the absence of oxygen (Renou et al, 2008). Production of leachate in landfills causes vegetation damage, surface and ground water pollution, while greenhouse gas emission in form of methane is involved in ozone depletion and climate change (Lamb et al, 2014). Techniques for the mitigation of leachate generation in landfills, were highlighted and examined
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