Abstract
This paper assesses the ability of fodder plants to reduce methane (CH4) emissions while simultaneously improving animal productivity in Ethiopia. Enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants in Ethiopia increased by 12% or ≈ 6197 Gg CO2-eq. in 2017 compared to the year 2011. In this study, six tropical multipurpose forages (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Moringa stenopetala (Bak.f.) Cuf., Sesbania sesban (L.) Merr., Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp., Crotalaria juncea L., and Lablab purpureus L.(Sweet)) and maize stover were characterized in terms of chemical composition, in vitro CH4 production, and CH4 concentration (%). The objective was to identify forages with low CH4 production potential but with adequate forage quality. The forages differed significantly in chemical composition and in enteric CH4 emission. The dry matter (DM), ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) ranged between 89.4–95.4%, 6.08–12.5%, 3.3–30.7%, 20.4–76.0%, 10.8–44.8, and 2.9–14.1%, respectively. All forage plants, except maize stover, contained high CP content above a threshold value (i.e., 7%). Cajanus c. generates the lowest amount of CH4 (32.83 mL/0.2 g DM incubated). CH4 concentration (%) was used as a potential indicator to determine the capacity of a plant to lower CH4 production. Among the studied species, L. purpureus showed the highest CH4 reduction potential (16%) followed by C. juncea (23.45%), M. stenopetala (24.2%), and L. leucocephala (25.5%). Moringa s. was the most frequently preferred by the farmers followed by C. juncea and L. leucocephala. We concluded that M. stenopetala, C. juncea, and L. leucocephala can be promoted as valuable feed resources for ruminants while simultaneously reducing CH4 emissions.
Highlights
Ethiopia has a tremendous livestock resource, currently estimated at million head of cattle and million sheep and goats, in a variety of production systems ranging from pastoral to mixed crop–livestock systems with different levels of intensification [1]
Total enteric CH4 emission from ruminant livestock in Ethiopia increased by 12% or ≈ 6197 Gg
The analysis leads to the conclusion that CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock in Ethiopia amounted to an annual growth rate of nearly 2%, which is higher than the global average experienced between 1961 and 2010 (0.95%)
Summary
Ethiopia has a tremendous livestock resource, currently estimated at million head of cattle and million sheep and goats, in a variety of production systems ranging from pastoral to mixed crop–livestock systems with different levels of intensification [1]. The productivity of ruminants is limited by the low nitrogen and high fibre content of native pastures and crop residues, which form the basis of the diet in these regions [4]. This low productivity results in high absolute CH4 emissions, making developing countries responsible for 75% of global enteric CH4 emissions and in high emissions per unit of product [3]. These emissions are of worldwide concern, in countries such as Ethiopia where large populations of ruminants are located (90% of ruminants in Ethiopia) [1] in mixed farming systems
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