Abstract
Methane gas hydrates have been widely touted as a potential new source of energy. Methane hydrate has been found to form in various rocks or sediments given suitable pressures, temperatures, and supplies of water and methane. However, natural subsurface environments exhibit significant variations in formation water chemistry, and these changes create local shifts in the phase boundary. Furthermore, formation water produced with reservoir fluids contains various quantities of salts, which inhibit hydrate formation. Therefore, it is essential to gain a better understanding of the effect of aqueous electrolyte solutions on gas hydrate stability conditions. In this communication, we report new experimental dissociation data for methane simple hydrates in presence of aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of NaCl, KCl and MgCl2. The new data were generated by a reliable fixed-volume, isochoric, step-heating technique. The accuracy and reliability of the experimental measurements are demonstrated by comparing measurements with the literature data. A thermodynamic approach in which the Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State is combined with a modified Debye Hückel electrostatic term is employed to model the phase equilibria. The hydrate-forming conditions are modeled by the solid solution theory of van der Waals and Platteeuw. To model hydrate phase equilibria in porous media, the effect of capillary pressure has been taken into account. Predictions of the developed model are validated against independent experimental data and the data generated in this work. A good agreement between predictions and experimental data is observed, supporting the reliability of the developed model.
Highlights
Clathrate hydrates pertain to the class of clathrates formed through combination of water and suitably sized “guest” molecules under low temperature and elevated pressure conditions
The stability of the clathrate hydrates, which have an ice-like appearance, is so substantial that they can exist at temperatures appreciably higher than triple point of H2O (T0 = 273.16 K)
It is well recognized that very large quantities of methane hydrates occur naturally in sediments and global interest in gas hydrates has grown steadily
Summary
Clathrate hydrates pertain to the class of clathrates formed through combination of water and suitably sized “guest” molecules under low temperature and elevated pressure conditions. The locus of the incipient hydrate-liquid water-vapor (H–LW–V) curve for ternary systems of methane and water with salts such as sodium chloride, magnesium chloride and potassium chloride in a wide range of concentrations and pressures are reported. These data in addition to the most reliable data from literature have been used to validate the predictive capabilities of a thermodynamic model. The CPA-EoS has been extended to predict fluid phase equilibria in the presence of single or mixed electrolyte solutions over a wide range of operational conditions. The performance of the model has been tested by comparing the predictions with the data generated in this laboratory as well as the most reliable data from the open literature for hydrate stability zone (in bulk and porous media)
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