Methamphetamine Dependence Among Iranian Female Methadone Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Three Cities of Iran

Abstract

Background: Methamphetamine (MA) dependence is a health concern in Iran (Persia). One main impacted group is female methadone patients. Objectives: The aim of this paper was to briefly report the prevalence of MA dependence among female methadone patients in 3 large cities of Iran. The other aim was to report the status of psychological well-being and social functioning among MA-dependent and non-MA dependent participants. Methods: In the first survey of Iran, 570 females were recruited from 38 main methadone clinics in Mashhad, Karaj, and Isfahan. A researcher-designed questionnaire was used to collect baseline demographics, details of MA use, and treatment history. Results: Of them, 266 females were MA-dependent. In other words, the prevalence of MA dependence among females was 46.6%. The length of MA dependence was 5 years. The adverse health impacts of high doses of methadone use were the main self-reported reasons for MA dependence. These adverse health impacts included depression (n = 118, 44.36%), oversleeping (n = 88, 33.08%), and low physical energy to do the housework (n = 60, 22.55%). However, lifetime MA treatment was only 25%. The prevalence of MA dependence was significantly associated with poor psychological well-being (P < 0.01) and social dysfunction (P < 0.01) among MA dependent females compared with non-MA dependent females. Conclusions: Methamphetamine dependence was common and associated with serious health problems. Special treatment services should be provided for these females.