Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is considered a large organ in the human body performing functions in the host that range from supporting digestion and absorption of nutrients from the diet to regulating the various processes in the host. Maintaining a diverse and stable microbiota is critical to maintaining host homeostasis and health. Studies have suggested the relationship between the microbial changes and the development of several pathologies. In this context, metformin, has shown to be a promising drug for the regulation of the microbiota, thus favoring the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, cancer, the inflammatory state of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), heart disease, Alzheimer’s disease and aging, and pathologies associated with dysbiosis. In this review, the main aspects on the importance of metformin’s action on dysbiosis, and the factors that regulate the metformin uptake and activity as genetic polymorphisms and GLP-1 receptor activation were discussed.
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