Abstract
Metformin, a hypoglycemic drug, increases peripheral glucose uptake, decreases liver glucose production and suppresses insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle. The molecular anti-inflammatory mechanism of metformin involves the reduction of the level of proinflammatory cytokines through AMPK activation. It can reduce endothelial dysfunction by ameliorating the expression of inflammatory gene and protein like vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and vasodilating maternal vessels. Many studies showed that AMPK activation were the main contributors to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of metformin.
Highlights
Metformin, a hypoglycemic drug, is used to treat type 2 diabetes [1]
The search was performed by using combinations of the following key words and or their equivalents; metformin, adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor κB (NFκB), antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties
Anti-inflammatory mechanism of metformin The molecular anti-inflammatory mechanism of metformin involves the reduction of the level of nuclear factor κB (NFκB) through AMPK activation [6,7]
Summary
A hypoglycemic drug, is used to treat type 2 diabetes [1]. It increases peripheral glucose uptake, decreases liver glucose production and suppresses insulin resistance in liver and skeletal muscle [2]. It can reduce chronic inflammation by improving metabolic activities [3]. In addition to reducing chronic inflammation, it has direct anti-inflammatory [4] and antioxidant effects [5]
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