Abstract
AbstractMetasurface is a recently developed nanophotonics concept to manipulate the properties of light by replacing conventional bulky optical components with ultrathin (more than 104times thinner) flat optical components. Since the first demonstration of metasurfaces in 2011, they have attracted tremendous interest in the consumer optics and electronics industries. Recently, metasurface-empowered novel bioimaging and biosensing tools have emerged and been reported. Given the recent advances in metasurfaces in biomedical engineering, this review article covers the state of the art for this technology and provides a comprehensive interdisciplinary perspective on this field. The topics that we have covered include metasurfaces for chiral imaging, endoscopic optical coherence tomography, fluorescent imaging, super-resolution imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, quantitative phase imaging, sensing of antibodies, proteins, DNAs, cells, and cancer biomarkers. Future directions are discussed in twofold: application-specific biomedical metasurfaces and bioinspired metasurface devices. Perspectives on challenges and opportunities of metasurfaces, biophotonics, and translational biomedical devices are also provided. The objective of this review article is to inform and stimulate interdisciplinary research: firstly, by introducing the metasurface concept to the biomedical community; and secondly by assisting the metasurface community to understand the needs and realize the opportunities in the medical fields. In addition, this article provides two knowledge boxes describing the design process of a metasurface lens and the performance matrix of a biosensor, which serve as a “crash-course” introduction to those new to both fields.
Highlights
From auroras and rainbows to the human eye – light has fascinated scientists for centuries
We have covered the use of metasurfaces for bioimaging and biosensing applications
Among these, we have described the latest developments in metasurface-based chiral imaging, optical coherence tomography (OCT) endoscopy imaging, fluorescent imaging, two-photon fluorescent microscopy, plasmonic structured illumination microscopy (PSIM) super-resolution imaging, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) imaging, and quantitative phase imaging (QPI) imaging
Summary
From auroras and rainbows to the human eye – light has fascinated scientists for centuries. This was eventually realized by the studies of Pendry et al [2] and Smith et al [3] that helped realize Veselago’s prediction and have revolutionized our approach to electromagnetics Such so-termed metamaterials are artificial composite nanostructures that possess unique properties for controlling light and demonstrate numerous exciting new optical effects and applications that cannot be achieved by natural materials [4,5,6,7]. Metasurfaces are structures that benefit from the reduced dimensionality of metamaterials They are relatively easy to fabricate and possess a smaller footprint (thickness of less than a millimeter) than conventional optical components. They consist of optical components (or meta-atoms) patterned on a surface with subwavelength dimensions, This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
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